Recent XVII International AIDS Conference, which ended on 8 August in Mexico City, on the basis of new drugs that will have the pleasure of Americans at their disposal. Indeed, medicine and pharmacology have come a long way since 1983, when the representatives of thirty nations met in the World Health Organization headquarters in Genres, Switzerland. The meeting was the forerunner of what ultimately will become the World Conference against AIDS, the first of which took place two years later in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1983, the debate focused on the need to isolate the virus and, finally, as an HIV antibody test, so that “persons in danger” could, if it is “exposed” are. If a virus in the human body, our immune system is a brilliant attempt to make through the “antibody”. In most cases, these antibodies are able to counter-attack them and the virus is destroyed without question, knowing that this wonderful, Mini, instead of internal war. In relatively rare cases, however, the virus from immune system-intelligent, which is still, albeit in vain, it produces antibodies. Can an analogy of unarmed soldiers to shoot an opponent in the success of a destruction of the virus, against a soldier in an armored tank firing, when a virus can not be contained. In such cases, the vaccine is the only long term effective way to protect the subject from immunization. In 1983, the medical world was thrilled by the discovery of the virus and subsequent HIV antibody test. HIV was isolated in 1984 as an outbreak of rabies, which were the true discoverers: the National Cancer Institute in Washington, DC, or the Institute Pasteur in Paris, France. This unfortunate dispute has delayed the development of the first antibody test until 1985, when the HIV-Eliza (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) test has been made available to the public. The dispute about the fact that HIV has been isolated “resolved” by President Reagan, who declared that the two researchers had discovered that miraculously in exactly the same time. Most authorities, HIV has been isolated by the French. During this early phase of HIV-understanding, the first 36,000 American victims had no available treatments. As a result, there are 20,000 dead Americans, before it is an instrument of self-determination if a person has been exposed to the virus. Scared people with the disease, as well as their friends and their families, their resources and left in Mexico, France and other countries following reports of bizarre miracle drugs and treatments. This strange “healing” was the injection of ozone into the anus. Others have tried to kill the virus by heating in the blood of the patient and the re-introduction into the body, while others are still in Israel for an ineffective drug in egg yolk. It was not until the end of 1987, six years after the first patients started to die when the start of the academic year of treatment was still primitive, in the form of an old anti-viral drugs: AZT (Azidothymidine) that eventually renamed Retrovir. The first desperate diseases doctors had no choice but to look at highly toxic doses for their patients hectic. In 1988, when the number of cases of AIDS in America has reached 86,000, public demonstrations to put pressure on the FDA to secure approval of the drug. Therefore, early treatment of often fatal diseases caused by HIV have been discovered, particularly Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and CMV (cytomegalovirus), the cause of blindness and severe intestinal distress in patients with AIDS. Other than AZT, no drugs, effectively the virus was much less of a vaccine. In mid 1989, the FDA, AIDS Clinical Trial Information Service “, so that AIDS patients and their doctors are informed about HIV, the drug studies. This has encouraged many patients to “control” of their health and the approval or in clinical studies calling into question the doctors about new drugs. At the same time, scientists develop what would later become one of the most important diagnostic tool for viral activity by “viral load test” that determines the number of “copies” of the virus have been affected in some blood. Although the years following the development of some drugs for prophylaxis, it was not until 1996 for a new and important step forward in HIV on the market. The FDA has a new class of anti-retroviral (ARV) drugs to as “protease inhibitors” such as Glaxo Wellcome’s Epivir has been widely prescribed. Clinical studies have shown the drug to the “viral load” in HIV patients. Many pharmaceutical companies, as big profit potential, and accelerated research and development of such expensive drugs. Within a few months, four other major companies, Roche, Roxane Labs, Abbott Labs and Merck came with its own protease inhibitor. As a result, a “turning point” came in HIV / AIDS, the community, the far-reaching implications. The new combination of drugs prescribed, also known as “cocktail” has extended the life. Many seriously ill patients to improve symptoms and decrease as they revert to a kind of normal existence. This development was not without great cost, but also literally and figuratively. The new cocktails are usually more than twelve one hundred dollars a month. As you can imagine, many patients can not afford these expensive used, while still others, the cocktail of drugs “a very difficult or impossible to tolerate. By the end of the last century, AIDS has killed an estimated twenty million people around the world. In America, the face of AIDS has evolved from so-called “gay plague” to a large urban disaster. Because patients who have access to doctors and more experienced drugs, infectious diseases, doctors have become experts in many medical disciplines. Given the wide spectrum of diseases of their patients who are partially contained virus had more time to the gradual weakening of its victims. A new subgroup of HIV patients as a “long-term survivors” were created. The optimism regarding the effectiveness of anti-retroviral therapy, which, while half of the nineties was nineteen shortly. At the International AIDS Conference in Geneva, Switzerland in 1998, the focus of the discussion centered on an alarming fact that infectious diseases physicians have begun to look as “anti-retroviral drug resistance.” Drug resistance occurs when starting a virus to “mutate”. Answers to find out how the virus antivirals, transforming themselves. In the case of HIV, the virus changes into a renewed attack and find a way to accept and to destroy the most important component of the immune system: the T-cell Doctors know an HIV mutation occurred when a patient, the viral load of climbing. A complicated and costly new diagnostic tool called “genotypic test” or “genotyping” explicitly allows doctors to determine which drugs have failed, and that parts of the individual patient, the cocktail of drugs must be replaced. The result was a series of new medicines. The few drugs available since the early 1990s focused on dozens of drugs distributed to six different “classes”. For now, the new drugs are very effective, and the Department of Health and Human Services has new guidelines and ambitious. Treatment of all doctors are invited to give their patients to an “undetectable viral load, which in turn that the virus is the further destruction of the immune system and, hopefully, by mutation. Prior to this new class of drugs that are “undetectable” target was used in relatively few cases. The combined treatment called HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) is effective, but complicated, expensive and not without side effects. Long-term survivors of HIV risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular problems in liver and kidney. The official list of side effects includes fifty-one disturbances, the six most commonly abdominal pain, headache, insomnia, rash, nausea and lipodystrophy (fat redistribution). Given the current effectiveness of new drugs, there is renewed optimism. However, constant monitoring and viral level, absolutely strict adherence to patients’ program are essential. Only a few missed doses can be a circumstance in which the viruses mutate, giving patients the risk of developing serious illnesses and some or all of the drugs. Recent progress has been achieved by the success of research and focus on anti-retroviral therapies. HIV is – now – under control, whether the issues are very disciplined and regularly by the competent medical diseases. It ‘important to remember that in the history of virology, are not fully successful anti-viral treatment have focused on the long term. Only a vaccine, the host and the virus is irrelevant, is the real, long-term hope for the eradication of the disease. While many groups around the world are searching for an HIV vaccine, none has succeeded. Many problems in terms of a vaccine, including the complexity, the mutations in the HIV virus and ethical issues related to the safety of the HIV vaccine trials. For the second time in many years, and only last month, one of the greatest hopes for a therapeutic vaccine, at least significantly delayed. A big, proposed human clinical study conducted by a division of NIH (National Institutes of Health) was canceled for security reasons. The researchers behind the study had previously canceled also concerned about increased risks. Of course, even a well-known transmission of the virus during the experiments is greatly reduced the number of new HIV-negative study volunteers forever. Unless and until an effective vaccine is discovered, the best patients with AIDS and infectious disease doctors can hope for is continued to contain a deadly virus and intelligent through costly, complex, side effects in both the short and long term. © 2008 Richard René Silvina Author Bio Born in New York, from seven years to eighteen years, he grew to adulthood Silvina within the strict Swiss boarding schools and homophobic. After his graduation from Georgetown University (1970) and an MBA from Cornell (1972), where he later taught and became one of the most successful graduates. It ‘been a long twenty-five years as an officer in the New York Stock Exchange, investor-owned hospital companies. E ‘Silvina rose to the head of the international department of the American Medical International, Inc., which owned and operated one hundred hospitals in ten countries. Rene lives with his beloved companion dog, T-cell, in Atlanta, Georgia, and Palm Beach, Florida. His awards include a Chevalier (Knight) of the French-britanic order. He has published numerous articles on hospital management and is in “Who’s Who in the World (1988), Who’s Who in Finance and Industry, and Who’s Who in Health Care. Her book, Walking the Rainbow, is now available from Whitmore Publishing Co.
AIDS: a history of treatment modalities
August 10th, 2009 by admin Leave a reply »
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